Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. In this article we will be discussing the most popular commands called head, tail and cat, most of us already aware of such commands, but only few use them. Debian Install Vim With Python Support Fips' title='Debian Install Vim With Python Support Fips' />Linux Wikipedia. Linux. Developer. Community. Written in. The File Is Locked For Editing By Another User Sharepoint 365 on this page. Primarily C and assembly. OS family. Unix like. Working state. Current. Linux l n k s listen LINks, less frequently l a n k s LYnks is a name which broadly denotes a family of free and opensource. Source model. Mainly open source, proprietary software is also available. Initial release. September 1. Marketing target. Personal computers, mobile devices, embedded devices, servers, mainframes, supercomputers. Available in. Multilingual. Platforms. Alpha, ARC, ARM, Blackfin, C6x, ETRAX CRIS, FR V, H83. Hexagon, Itanium, M3. R, m. 68k, META, Microblaze, MIPS, MN1. Nios II, Open. RISC, PA RISC, Power. Debian Install Vim With Python Support Fips' title='Debian Install Vim With Python Support Fips' />PC, s. Score, Super. H, SPARC, TILE6. Unicore. Xtensa. Kernel type. Monolithic Linux kernelUserland. GNU and various othersaDefault user interface. Many. License. GPLv. Linux is a trademarkbLinux   listenLIN ks91. Linux kernel. The defining component of a Linux distribution is the Linux kernel,1. September 1. 7, 1. Linus Torvalds. 1. Many Linux distributions use the word Linux in their name. The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNULinux to refer to the operating system family, as well as specific distributions, to emphasize that most Linux distributions are not just the Linux kernel, and that they have in common not only the kernel, but also numerous utilities and libraries, a large proportion of which are from the GNU project. This has led to some controversy. Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x. Because of the dominance of the Linux kernel based Android OS on smartphones, Linux has the largestinstalled base of all general purpose operating systems. Linux is also the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers, and is used on 9. TOP5. 00supercomputers. It is used by around 2. The Chromebook, which runs the Linux kernel based Chrome OS, dominates the US K1. US. 2. 3 Linux also runs on embedded systems devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system. This includes Ti. Vo and similar DVR devices, network routers, facility automation controls, televisions,2. Many smartphones and tablet computers run Android and other Linux derivatives. The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration. The underlying source code may be used, modified and distributedcommercially or non commerciallyby anyone under the terms of its respective licenses, such as the GNU General Public License. Typically, Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution or distro for short for both desktop and server use. Some of the most popular and mainstream Linux distributions2. Arch Linux, Cent. OS, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo Linux, Linux Mint, Mageia, open. SUSE and Ubuntu, together with commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Distributions include the Linux kernel, supporting utilities and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project, and usually a large amount of application software to fulfil the distributions intended use. Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system, such as X1. Mir or a Wayland implementation, and an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma 5 some distributions may also include a less resource intensive desktop, such as LXDE or Xfce. Distributions intended to run on servers may omit all graphical environments from the standard install, and instead include other software to set up and operate a solution stack such as LAMP. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any intended use. HistoryeditPrecursorseditThe Unix operating system was conceived and implemented in 1. AT Ts Bell Laboratories in the United States by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas Mc. Ilroy, and Joe Ossanna. First released in 1. Unix was written entirely in assembly language, as was common practice at the time. Later, in a key pioneering approach in 1. C programming language by Dennis Ritchie with the exception of some hardware and IO routines. The availability of a high level language implementation of Unix made its porting to different computer platforms easier. Due to an earlier antitrust case forbidding it from entering the computer business, AT T was required to license the operating systems source code to anyone who asked. As a result, Unix grew quickly and became widely adopted by academic institutions and businesses. In 1. 98. 4, AT T divested itself of Bell Labs freed of the legal obligation requiring free licensing, Bell Labs began selling Unix as a proprietary product, where users werent legally allowed to modify Unix. The GNU Project, started in 1. Richard Stallman, had the goal of creating a complete Unix compatible software system composed entirely of free software. Work began in 1. 98. Later, in 1. 98. 5, Stallman started the Free Software Foundation and wrote the GNU General Public License GNU GPL in 1. By the early 1. 99. Unix shell, and a windowing system were completed, although low level elements such as device drivers, daemons, and the kernel, called GNUHurd, were stalled and incomplete. Linus Torvalds has stated that if the GNU kernel had been available at the time 1. Although not released until 1. BSD, from which Net. BSD, Open. BSD and Free. BSD descended, predated that of Linux. Torvalds has also stated that if 3. BSD had been available at the time, he probably would not have created Linux. MINIX was created by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a computer science professor, and released in 1. Unix like operating system targeted at students and others who wanted to learn the operating system principles. Although the complete source code of MINIX was freely available, the licensing terms prevented it from being free software until the licensing changed in April 2. CreationeditIn 1. University of Helsinki, Torvalds became curious about operating systems. Frustrated by the licensing of MINIX, which at the time limited it to educational use only,3. Linux kernel. Torvalds began the development of the Linux kernel on MINIX and applications written for MINIX were also used on Linux. Later, Linux matured and further Linux kernel development took place on Linux systems. GNU applications also replaced all MINIX components, because it was advantageous to use the freely available code from the GNU Project with the fledgling operating system code licensed under the GNU GPL can be reused in other computer programs as long as they also are released under the same or a compatible license. Torvalds initiated a switch from his original license, which prohibited commercial redistribution, to the GNU GPL. Developers worked to integrate GNU components with the Linux kernel, making a fully functional and free operating system. Linux. Linus Torvalds had wanted to call his invention Freax, a portmanteau of free, freak, and x as an allusion to Unix. During the start of his work on the system, some of the projects makefiles included the name Freax for about half a year. Torvalds had already considered the name Linux, but initially dismissed it as too egotistical. In order to facilitate development, the files were uploaded to the FTP server ftp. FUNET in September 1. Ari Lemmke, Torvalds coworker at the Helsinki University of Technology HUT, who was one of the volunteer administrators for the FTP server at the time, did not think that Freax was a good name. So, he named the project Linux on the server without consulting Torvalds. Later, however, Torvalds consented to Linux. To demonstrate how the word Linux should be pronounced   listenLIN ks91. Torvalds included an audio guide  listen helpinfo with the kernel source code. Another variant of pronunciation is LYN ks. Commercial and popular uptakeeditUbuntu, a popular Linux distribution. Kali linux network scan by retroschlampe. Published on Jun 1.